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HARITALIKA TEEJ
What is Teej ? When and How do we celebrate Teej ?
Occurring around the month of August, Teej is a festival celebrated by women all over Nepal for three days. Decked up in red sarees and red tika, bangles, women sing and dance to traditional folk songs for days. It is specially significant for married women, when they get a special invitation to visit their maternal home and feast.
Following a long feast also known as Dar, the women, sit for a 24 hour long fasting , where most do not eat or even drink water. What is fascinating is to watch women of all age group, young and old, dance for hours in the heat , rain, without a drop of water or food for an entire day.
It is a sight to behold at the Pashupatinath temple, where thousands of women draped in Red and green throng the premises of the temple. Observers can take photos of these women dancing merrily , where sometimes foreigners, especially women tourists are requested to participate in the merry-making.
The significance of such a festival is for women to ask for special blessings by Lord Shiva, to have attain a good husband in life, and to pray for his longevity and prosperity.
On the final day of this three day festival Women satisfy seven saints offering them food, money and various offerings, and also bathing with Red mud and brushing their teeth with Datiwan (branches of a bush tree) hoping this purifies their body and soul.
What is Teej
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The folk music and dances add more flavor to traditional values of Teej. It is fascinating to see women, in “Red” dancing and singing on the street, going to temple in holy and fasting mood. Teej is also called Hari Talika Teej. This festival is celebrated by Nepali Hindu women all across the world.
Teej is a small red insect that comes out of the soil during the rainy season. It is said Teej got its name from the same red insect. That is why Teej is celebrated in red.
When is Teej
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Teej is celebrated on 3rd day of Bhadra Sukala Paksha (according to Nepali lunar calendar). It generally falls in late August or early September
Teej is traditionally dedicated to the Goddess Parvati, remembering her union with Lord Shiva. It is a three-day-long celebration that combines splendid feasts as well as rigid fasting.
Teej also welcomes and celebrates arrival of monsoon after a season of summer heat.
How do we celebrate Teej
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The Eve (First day of Teej) is called Dar Khane Din. On this day all the family members especially the women, both married and unmarried gather at one place, in their finest outfits of red (called Saubhagya) and start dancing and singing devotional songs mixed with Nepali folk and Dohori songs.
This evening the grand feast takes place. The grand feast is called “Dar”. The fun often goes on till midnight, after midnight the 24-hour fasting starts.
What is Dar दर
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Women who go in fasting the very next day eat a very big feast...."daro khana" (दर्हो खाना) that means a heavy food in Nepali....it is said daro khane became dar. Whatever, the meaning is, they go for big feast that evening with deserts, mithai, nepali foods like sel, puri, fruits and non vegitarian foods like mottons and chicken by some communities.
The Second Day
Second day is the main day of Teej (the fasting day). Some women take it very rigid, they even live without a piece of food and drops of water while some others take liquid and fruit. On this day, they happily dress in red, married women wear their lagan ko pote, nathhi, other jewelries and chadke tilahari ( jewelries are optional but chadke tilahari, laganko pote and natthi is said to be most important) and visit a nearby Lord Shiva’s temple singing and dancing all the way.
Most of devotees in Kathmandu go to Pashupatinath Temple. At the Shiva temple, women worship the Shiva lingam, the symbol of the lord Shiva, offering flowers, sweets and coins. The main puja (religious ceremony) takes place with offerings of flowers, fruits, etc., made to Shiva and Pārbati, pleading them to grant their blessing upon the husband and family. The most important part of the pooja is mostly done in the evening burning the oil lamp (108 sute batti in a diyo) which should be burning throughout the night. It is a tradition of giving the diyo of teej by her mother in law to the married woman.
Third Day Morning
Women get up early in the dawn and get cleaned and do the puja once again to the diyo and goddess Parvati. The most important part of this puja is a banana and holy basil (Tulsi patta) leaf. Only after this puja, women take solid food. This third day of Teej is Ganesh Chaturthati. Women eat Karkalo ko Tarkari with chokho (pure) food made with pure ghee.
Rishi Panchami
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The Fourth Day of the festival
After the completion of the previous day's pooja, women pay homage to various deities and bathe with red mud found on the roots of the sacred Datiwan bush, along with its leaves. This act of purification is the final ritual of Teej, after which women are considered forgiven from all their sins. The recent years have witnessed an adjustment in the rituals, especially regarding the strictness, but its spirit remains the same.
The actual date of inception of Teej is not known. However, it is celebrated by the women of Nepal and some part of India with lots of joy and enthusiasm. Most married women rich or poor observe this festival with fun.
Eating delicious food, popularly called dar, on the eve of Teej, and singing and dancing on the main day are the main features of this festival. On this particular day, the streets of Kathmandu turn into a sea of red with women dressed in red Sarees and Dhoties making their way to Shiva shrines, especially to the Pashupatinath Temple.
Celebration
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On Teej, the devotees do not eat and drink the whole day. They first offer worship to Lord Shiva and spend the rest of the day singing and dancing in the temple premises. Singing Teej songs like "Teej ko rahar aayo bari lai". Indeed, women are seen mostly in holy sites on this day. Men are not allowed to enter the most of Shiva Temples on this day.
Outside Kathmandu valley too, women gather in public places like roads and markets and enjoy the festival by singing and dancing.
Though the women fast throughout the day - refusing to take even a drop of water - Teej brings smiles on the faces of women in the cities and villages.
It is a rare opportunity for many married women in Nepali village to go to their mother’s home due to busy schedules in village farm works. The parents invite their daughters or send someone to bring their daughters to their home a day or two before the festival. There they contribute of the ritual food called dar before going on a fast on Teej. Interestingly, no daughter goes to her mother’s place during this festival unless they get an invitation from her parents or brothers. In case they do not get an invitation from their parents, they feel extremely sad - they say it is the saddest moment in their life.
The timing of the festival is practical in a rural society like ours as it falls immediately after the farm work is over. This festival takes place after the farmers finish weeding their paddy fields.
Hindu women across the country celebrate this festival with much fun, the food they eat in the form of "dar" varies from place to place. In hills of eastern Nepal they take porridge, sel roti and mutton in the form of dar whereas in western Nepal, they eat rice cooked in ghee which they call latte. In the city, pulau, sweets, mutton, fish make the main menu of dar.
These days it is becoming expensive to celebrate Teej as the people seem to be competing in inviting relatives and friends for the dar eating and spending more for other ritual practices.
This ancient way of eating has you choosing foods based on your body shape.
Non-Western approaches to wellness have become increasing popular, from massage and meditation to acupuncture and aromatherapy. The interest in nutrition for both preventative and therapeutic purposes has also soared, including the awareness of eating practices from healthy populations around the globe. One in particular that’s been bubbling up is the Ayurvedic diet.
In existence for thousands of years, the Ayurvedic diet is based on principles of Ayurvedic medicine. The focus is on balancing various energies within the body—to achieve better synergy and improve health of body and mind.
Why your body type matters
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Body type determines the guiding eating principles. According to Ayurveda, there are five elements that make up the universe: vayu (air), jala (water), akash (space), teja (fire), and prithvi (earth). These elements are believed to form three distinct doshas, or body types, which relate to energy that circulates within the body. While everyone maintains characteristics of all three doshas, one is typically dominant:
Vata (space and air): Vata controls basic bodily functions, including the mind, breathing, blood flow, and digestion. People with this dosha are typically thin and energetic. When they are out of balance, they may experience issues with digestive health, fatigue, weight loss, insomnia, or anxiety.
Pitta (fire and water): This dosha controls metabolism, hormones, and digestion. People with a pitta dosha often have a medium build. If out of balance, they may struggle with high blood pressure, heart disease, inflammation, or digestive conditions.
Kapha (water and earth). This dosha controls immunity, muscle growth, and strength. Those with a kapha dosha typically have a sturdier frame. If they're out of balance, they may experience problems with weight management, fluid retention, diabetes, depression, allergies, or lung health.
Your dosha determines which foods you should eat and avoid. And according to Ayurvedic practice, once you are in balance, you will naturally desire foods that are most beneficial for maintaining wellness.
What to eat for your body type
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The Ayurvedic diet also identifies six major tastes with distinctly beneficial effects: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter, and astringent. Including all six in your daily meals is encouraged, so you consistently feel nourished and satisfied. The belief is that regularly eating only a few of these tastes can trigger cravings for unhealthy foods—or throw the body out of balance. For example, consuming pungent, bitter, and astringent tastes help to counter sweet, sour, and salty. This can curb the desire to overeat the latter, which can lead to health problems, as they are characteristic of fast food or processed foods.
Those who are vata dominant should minimize cold and raw foods and too much caffeine. Instead, they should favor warm dishes that are more dominant in sweet, salty, and sour tastes. Sweet foods, like whole grains, starchy vegetables, and honey, have a soothing effect on the body. Salty foods, including table salt and salted fish, enhance appetite. And sour, found in citrus, berries, and pickled foods, aids digestion.
Those with a pitta dosha should reduce hot and spicy foods and avoid alcoholic and fermented foods. They should instead focus on sweet, bitter, and astringent foods. Bitter foods, including leafy greens, broccoli, and celery, help with detoxification. And astringent foods, such as lentils, beans, green apples, and pomegranate, help to balance pitta.
People with a kapha dosha should curb salty or heavy foods, as well as dairy. Instead, hey should prioritize pungent, bitter, and astringent tastes. Pungent, found in peppers, garlic, onions, mustard, and ginger, helps clear sinuses and promotes sweating.
Can the Ayurvedic diet lead to weight loss?
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While few studies have been published on the outcomes of an Ayurvedic diet, there are some concrete benefits. In one small study that paired the diet with other Ayurveda-based lifestyle practices, including yoga and stress management, participants averaged a weight loss of 13 pounds over a nine-month period
Overall, the diet emphasizes whole foods and minimizes processed foods, a pattern that ups the intake of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants, and may help support weight management. One study found that a switch from processed foods to whole foods without decreasing calorie intake resulted in an increase in post-meal calorie burning by nearly 50%.
An Ayurvedic diet also incorporates plenty of herbs and spices. In addition to being rich sources of antioxidants, some natural seasonings act as prebiotics—which nourish the beneficial gut bacteria tied to anti-inflammation, immunity, and a positive mood. Herbs and spices have also been shown to boost satiety. And some, including ginger and hot peppers, are known to rev metabolism.
The Ayurvedic diet and m eating
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Ayurveda also promotes mindful eating, which can result in naturally consuming fewer calories while simultaneously feeling more satisfied. And the lifestyle encourages other healthful habits, including spending time in nature, prioritizing adequate sleep and rest, being physically active, and laughing more. Laughter has been shown to lower stress hormones, including cortisol. Excess cortisol has been linked to an increase in belly fat and weakened immunity.
This, however, is just a brief overview of the Ayurvedic diet. A consultation with a registered dietitian nutritionist trained in the practice would provide much more in-depth and tailored recommendations. You can also learn more by exploring cookbooks that include introductions to the diet principles, along with flavorful recipes.
Bottom line: Even if you don’t embrace all of the tenants of the Ayurvedic diet, consuming whole foods in a thoughtful balance, and combining nutrition with other wellness-focused behaviors, lays the foundation for healthy, sustainable living.
Cynthia Sass, MPH, RD, is Health's contributing nutrition editor, a New York Times best-selling author, and a nutrition consultant for the New York Yankees.
source: health.com
What Are The F1 Through F12 Keys?
The function keys or F-keys on a computer keyboard, labeled F1 through F12, are keys that have a special function defined by the operating system, or by a currently running program. They may be combined with the Alt or Ctrl keys.
On laptop computers
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On some smaller keyboards and laptop computers the F-keys may have a dedicated function such as changing the brightness of the screen, the volume, or other device-specific functions. On these keyboards, there is a separate Fn key that you can hold down to indicate that you want to use the key as a standard function key. For instance, on the MacBook Pro laptop computer, the F12 key's primary function is to increase the audio volume. If this key is pressed while the Fn key is held down, the key will register as F12, and trigger any software functions that are configured to use this key.
If you would prefer not to press the Fn key to access your function keys, you can configure the keyboard to treat them as regular function keys in your Control Panel or System Settings.
If your keyboard does not have a row of function keys, they are probably set up as secondary functions on other keys. Look for alternate labels on your keys, or consult your computer's manual for more information.
Below is a listing of some of the more common functions of the functions keys for Microsoft Windows and Microsoft applications, as well as some for macOS. As mentioned above, not all programs support these function keys, and the function keys on your keyboard may perform different tasks than those mentioned below. For additional specific shortcut keys and function key examples, please visit our shortcut keys general index.
F1
- Used as the help key in almost every program. Opens a help screen when this key is pressed.
- Enter CMOS setup.
- Windows Key + F1 would open the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
- Open the Task Pane.
F2
- In Microsoft Windows, renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.
- In Microsoft Excel, edits the active cell.
- Alt+Ctrl+F2 opens document window in Microsoft Word.
- Ctrl+F2 displays the print preview window in Microsoft Word.
- Quickly rename a selected file or folder.
- Enter CMOS setup.
F3
- Often opens a search feature for many programs, including Microsoft Windows when at the Windows desktop.
- In some programs, after an initial search is performed, F3 will find the next search value.
- In MS-DOS or Windows command line, F3 repeats the last command entered.
- In Microsoft Word Ctrl+F3 will lowercase any highlighted text.
- Shift+F3 will change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lowercase or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
- Windows Key + F3 opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
- In Windows Explorer, start the search function.
- Open Mission Control on an Apple computer running macOS X.
F4
- Open find window in Windows 95 to XP.
- Open the address bar in Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer.
- Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+).
- Alt+F4 closes the program window currently active in Microsoft Windows.
- Ctrl+F4 closes the open window or tab in the active window in Microsoft Windows.
F5
- In all modern Internet browsers, pressing F5 will refresh or reload the page or document window.
- Ctrl+F5 forces a complete refresh of the web page, clearing the cache and downloading all contents of the page again.
- Refresh the list of contents in a folder.
- Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
- Starts a slideshow in PowerPoint.
F6
- Move the cursor to the address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.
- Ctrl+Shift+F6 opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
- Reduce laptop speaker volume (on some laptops).
F7
- Commonly used to spell check and grammar check a document in Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.
- Shift+F7 runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
- Turns on Caret Browsing in Mozilla Firefox.
- Increase laptop speaker volume (on some laptops).
F8
- Function key used to enter the Windows startup menu, commonly used to access Windows Safe Mode.
- Used by some computers to access the Windows recovery system, but may require a Windows installation CD.
- Displays a thumbnail image for all workspaces in macOS.
F9
- Refresh document in Microsoft Word.
- Send and receive e-mail in Microsoft Outlook.
- Opens the Measurements toolbar in Quark 5.0.
- Reduce laptop screen brightness (on some laptops).
- With macOS 10.3 or later, displays a thumbnail for each window in a single workspace.
- Using the Fn key and F9 at the same time opens Mission Control on an Apple computer running macOS X.
F10
- In Microsoft Windows, activates the menu bar of an open application.
- Shift+F10 is the same as right-clicking on a highlighted icon, file, or Internet link.
- Access the hidden recovery partition on Compaq, HP, and Sony computers.
- Enter CMOS setup on some computers.
- Increase laptop screen brightness (on some laptops).
- With macOS 10.3 or later, shows all open Windows for the active program.
F11
- Enter and exit fullscreen mode in all modern Internet browsers.
- Ctrl+F11 as the computer is starting to access the hidden recovery partition on many Dell computers.
- Pressing F11 by itself accesses the hidden recovery partition on eMachines, Gateway, and Lenovo computers.
- With macOS 10.4 or later, hides all open windows and shows the desktop.
F12
- Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word.
- Ctrl+F12 opens a document in Word.
- Shift+F12 saves the Microsoft Word document (like Ctrl+S).
- Ctrl+Shift+F12 prints a document in Microsoft Word.
- Preview a page in Microsoft Expression Web.
- Open Firebug or browser debug tool.
- With an Apple running macOS 10.4 or later, F12 shows or hides the Dashboard.
- Access the list of bootable devices on a computer at startup, allowing you to select a different device to boot from (e.g., hard drive, CD or DVD drive, floppy drive, USB drive, and network).
F13 - F15
- On newer Apple keyboards, the F13, F14, and F15 may be shown in place of the Print Screen key, Scroll Lock key, and Pause key.
F16 - F19
- On newer Apple keyboards, the F16, F17, F18, and F19 keys are above the number pad.
F13 - F24
- Early IBM computers also had keyboards with F13 through F24 keys. However, because these keyboards are no longer used, they are not listed on this page.
source: computerhope
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